effect of training type on oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant capacity during three-dimensional space exercise

Orbotron training is a popular training method for fighter pilots because it replicates a high-acceleration environment with excessive C-force. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 9 weeks of orbotron training on oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant capacity in humans during 3-dimensional space exercise. The subjects comprised 15 senior cadets from the Korea Air Force Academy who had no record of medical disorders and who participated in a regular exercise program [3 times per week]. They were randomly divided into three groups consisting of 5 subjects each: a weight training group [21.97 +/- 1.12 years], a running training group [21.53 +/- 0.18 years] and an orbotron training group [21.48 +/- 0.29 years]. Three-dimensional exercise tests were performed before and after training, and blood samples were taken to measure the concentration of plasma lactate, malondialdehyde [MDA], erythrocyte superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity, and leukocyte DNA damage. Plasma lactate concentrations decreased in all three groups when measured after training and after 30 min of recovery compared to before training [p < 0.05]. The concentration of plasma MDA also decreased after training in all blood samples compared to the values obtained before training although there was no significant difference in the weight training and orbotron training groups. In contrast the activity of erythrocyte SOD increased for all three groups compared to before training [p <0.05]. In the comet assay results, the greatest lymphocyte DNA damage was demonstrated at the end of exercise compared to the other three samples under all conditions, and these aspects were commonly observed in all three parameters of lymphocyte DNA damage [tail DNA, tail length and tail moment] [p <0.05]. It can be concluded that the three types of exercise training reduced plasma lactate concentration, improved antioxidant enzyme activity, and further protected the body against oxidative stress [lipid peroxidation and DNA damage]. Although we have identified an effect of exercise training on the levels of antioxidants and oxidants, our cohort was small, so further studies are needed to evaluate the different types of exercise training

Association between an alul polymorphism in the calcitonin receptor gene and quantitative ultrasound parameters in Korean men

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between an Alul RFLP of the calcitonin receptor [CTR] gene and quantitative ultrasound [QUS] parameters in Korean men, and the interaction with nutrition as a lifestyle factor. Broadband ultrasound attenuation, speed of sound and stiffness index of the calcaneus were measured using an ultrasound bone densitometer in 201 Korean men [mean age +/- SD: 51.6 +/- 11.7 years]. The PCR-RFLP method was used to analyze an Alul polymorphism in the CTR gene. In all subjects, the distribution of CC, CT and TT genotypes occurred with frequencies of 87.1, 12.4 and 0.5%, respectively. When stratified by omnivore and vegetarian groups, there was a significant association between an Alul polymorphism in the CTR gene and QUS parameters such as speed of sound and stiffness index in only vegetarian subjects. Our data suggest that the Alul polymorphism of the CTR gene can be useful as a genetic marker in the interindividual susceptibility of QUS parameters by the interaction with nutritional status as a lifestyle factor

Genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system and response to endurance training

To investigate the relationship between genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system and the effect of 12-week endurance training in Korean women. Seventeen women who participated in an endurance training program for 12 weeks were genotyped for the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism, angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C polymorphism, angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] T-3892C polymorphism, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor C3123A polymorphism. The following clinical parameters were measured before and after the endurance training program: blood pressure, body composition, ventilatory response, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose. Of the genetic markers investigated, the frequency of the T allele for the ACE T-3892C polymorphism was significantly associated with the response in body mass index and VO[2max] after 12 weeks of endurance training [p< 0.05]. None of the other polymorphisms were significantly associated with the effect of training. The significant association between ACE T-3892C and the change in body mass index and VO[2max] in Korean women are attributed to training, suggesting that this genetic variation is a useful genetic marker for clarifying the interindividual response to endurance training

The Distribution of I/D Polymorphism in the ACE Gene between Korean Young Controls and Athletes / 체질인류학회지

A number of genetic and environmental factors influence athletic performance. Cardiovascular fitness is an important factor of athletic success, and ACE gene is a good candidate for regulating cardiac and vascular function. Because younger subjects have less chance of being exposed to environmental factors than older ones, genetic factors have a relatively greater influence on younger subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene between Korean young controls and athletes. By association study, there were no significant differences in genotype and allele distributions between two groups, respectively (P> 0.05). When stratified by sporting disciplines, the significant difference in distribution was not also detected in our study (P> 0.05). These results do not support the hypothesis that the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene is associated with endurance performance in Korean young subjects.

protein polymorphism of haptoglobin in Korean elite athletes

To investigate protein polymorphism of the haptoglobin [Hp] and the relationship between Hp phenotypes and anthropometric or biochemical parameters in elite Korean male athletes. Materials and Serum samples were collected from 120 Korean male elite athletes. The Hp phenotypes were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by peroxidase staining. Then anthropometric or biochemical measurements were made: body composition, blood pressures, ventilatory responses, cholesterol [total, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol], triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein [a], creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The gene frequencies of the Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2 phenotypes in Korean male athletes were 12, 37 and 51%, respectively; this polymorphism was significantly associated with the VO2max index in the athletes. An excess of the Hp1 allele was also observed in marathon runners compared with the other sporting activities, although it did not have any statistical significance. Hp polymorphism exists in elite Korean male athletes and Hp phenotype may be a useful marker for endurance performance in these male athletes